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Description
Mando'a Lesson 10

I want to center this post around verbs (conjugating and tenses and the like) because I haven't focused on them the way I should have with the other lessons.  Since I was learning myself, it was a lot easier to start with nouns, and learn to rattle those off first, instead of slowly building sentences and workable conversation.

The lesson will be in regular text, I will put round brackets around notes from me, and square brackets around direct "lesson quotes" from Karen Traviss' Grammar Guide.  (Which of course, can be found on her webpage, and I highly recommend reading it.)

SO:

Similar to most European languages, Mando'a verbs end in either ar, er, ir, or, or ur.  Removing the r from the verb produces the stem.

(This is something I think I was forgetting when I tried to conjugate my verbs in previous lessons.  Oh, how fun it is to teach oneself.  KT could probably make a fortune offering a class right now.)

[Sometimes an apostrophe separates the terminal vowel, to indicate the slight glottal stop of some Mandalorian accents. This apostrophe, known as a beten, or sigh-as in Mando'a-can also indicate breathing, pronunciation, or dropped letters. - KT]

Present Tense – Normal
So going back to the first verb from the first lesson Cuyir  - To Be  the stem is Cuyi, which is used with singular pronouns, such as I, You and He or She.

For a plural pronoun, such as We, Our, or They, we have to add an e on the end, turning the stem into Cuyie, since Mando'a plurals add an e.

I am                 Ni cuyi
You are            Gar cuyi
He/She is         Kaysh cuyi
We are            Mhi cuyie
They are          Val cuyie

(Sorry this was written wrong in Lesson 1.  I am learning this as I teach, which means I will cause snags like this now and again.)

[Cuyir is often is dropped from a sentence anyways, and indicated by word order. - KT]
(It's one of several Mando'a words that just don't get used verbally too often, same as the word "the" or "it".  These are just indicated with verbal conversation.)

[To say "It's good", a Mandalorian will often just say jate (good) rather than bic jate - it (is) good - or the full form with the verb, bic cuyi jate. – KT]

Present Tense – Negative
The negative form of the verb (or noun, or even adjective) adds a prefix of n', nu, nu' or ne (according to KT the choice of these depends on the ease of pronunciation) before either the sentence or the word, depending on meaning.

I am not                  Nu ni cuyi
You are not             Nu gar cuyi
He/She is not          Ne kaysh cuyi
We are not          Ne mhi cuyie
They are not            Ne val cuyie

Extra prefixes – Present Tense
Adding the prefix ke or k' indicates a command.  With commands given formally, the verb is not conjugated, but in everday speech they should be.  [Ke jurir kad!  - Carry the saber!  Or Ke'nu jurir kad!  - Don't carry the saber! - KT]

While we are talking of adding prefixes here, just a reminder that adding "Tion" at the beginning of a sentence turns it into a question.   Tion ibac cuyi kad? – That is a saber?

Past Tense
To talk about the past the prefix "ru" or "r'" needs to be added before the verb. (Not ahead of the sentence like some of the others.)  Ru is the same prefix for singular and plural forms of the verb/pronouns.

I was                 Ni ru cuyi
You were           Gar ru cuyi
He/She was       Kaysh ru cuyi
We were            Mhi ru cuyie
They were          Val ru cuyie

Future Tense
To speak of the future, a prefix of "ven" is added before the verb.  (Same rules apply as speaking in past tense.)

I will be                 Ni ven cuyi
You will be             Gar ven cuyi
He/She will be       Kaysh ven cuyi
We will be             Mhi ven cuyie
They will be           Val ven cuyie

Verb List
Can – Liser
Accept – Vorer
Act/Do/Put – Narir
Add – Majycir
Adopt – Kir'manir
Aid – Ge'ver'alor
Allow – Duumir
Ambush – Jehavey'ir
Apologize – Eparavur takisit
Approach/Block/Stand in the way of – Ara'novor
Attack (besige) – Ram'or
Attack (threaten/mess with) – Jurkadir
Avenge – Gra'tuar
Be/Exist - Cuyir
Be right/accurate – Serimir
Be thankful – Gedeteyar
Be unaware/Not know – Nakar'mir
Beat – brokar
Believe – Urmankalar
Put the boot in – Cetar'narir
Breach/Pierce – Kadiilir
Break – Shukur
Breathe – Haalur
Burn – Hettir
Cage/Lock up/Capture – Mircir
Camouflage/Cover up – Hodasalar
Care (take notice of) – Ulur
Care (worry about) – Baatir
Carve/Sculpt – Demar
Center – Petir
Chew – Ba'yair
Choke – Ekur
Choose – Gaanader
Clean – Cinarin  (This looks like a mistake to me in the dictionary.  Maybe Cinarir?)
Clear – Utreyar
Come/Arrive – Olaror
Confirm – Jor'lekir
Converge – Tom'urcir
Count – Soletar
Cover – Hukaatir
Cower – Kakovidir
Cross/Intersect – Doslanir
Cry out/Shout – Orjorer
Curse/Swear/Bellow – Oritsir
Cut/Slice – Hokaanir
Dance – Redalur
Deal – Koor
Decieved/Fool – Hodar
Defeat – Rohakar
Defeat/Overpower – Kotir
Defend/Obstruct/Blockade – Aranar
Defilade – Briikarir
Deploy – Barycir
Designate – Gaigotalur
Destroy – Naastar
Detect – Ulur
Die (violently in battle) – Ash'amur
Die – Ramaanar
Dislike – Paguur
Disperse – Mashukir
Do – Vabiir
Drink – Pirur
Eat – Epar
Educate – Ba'jurir
Endure/Put up with/Take it – Atiniir
Estimate – Ge'soletar
Fail/Fall/Collapse – Trattok'or
Fear/Be afraid of – Chaabar
Feast/Devour – Eparavur
Feel – Aalar
Feint – Jenarar
Fence/Launder (of stolen goods) – Cinargaanar
Fight – Akaanir
Fill – Hailir
Find/Discover – Mar'eyir
Fire at will – Tra'cyar mav
Flee/Escape – Eyaytir
Flush out – Yacur
Follow – Shekemir
Forced to make a decision – Ukor b'ukor
Forge – Nau'ur kad
Forget – Digur
Give birth – Gotenir
Give – Dinuir
Go – Slanar
Grieve/Search/Mourn – Echoylir
Grow – Drashaar
Hate – Or'parguur
Headbutt (Keldabe Kiss) – kov'nynir
Hear – Susulur
Help – Gaa'taylir
Hide/Conceal – Haaranovor
Hire/Buy/Contract – Veborir
Hit/Strike – Nynir
Hold/Keep/Preserve – Taylir
Hunt/Chase – Oya'karir
Incapacitate/Knock out – Gekyrdir
Infiltrate – Keenir
Injure – Shupuur
Insert/Place/Put – Nartir
Insult – Takisir
Keep an eye on/Monitor – Sur'ulur
Kick – Tettar
Kidnap/Seize – Shereshir
Kill – Kyr'amur
Kiss – Murcyur
Kneel in submission – Cetar
Know/Hold in the heart – Kar'taylir
Land (ships or troops) – Rusur
Lay waste/Wreck – Jariler
Learn – Hibiar
Leave/Depart/Exit – Ba'slanar
Light up/Illuminate – Nau'ur
Like/Be fond of – Guuror
Like/Enjoy – Emuurir
Listen – Sushir
Live – Oyacyir
Love – Kar'taylir darasuum
Lower/Put down – Dirycir
Make their eyes water (slang for kill/injure/defeat) – Pirunir sur'haaise
Make/Create – Gotal'ur
Meet – Urcir
Mess around with someone – Jurkadir ti
Mess with – Shab'rudur
Mess around/Hassle – Jurkadir sha(l)
Move – Shaadalar
Must/Be obligated – Enteyor
Need – Linibar
Observe/Watch over – Ja'hailir
Patrol – Tabalhar
Plead/Beg – Gedetir
Point – Ceratir
Posses/Have – Ganar
Prepare/Get ready – Tsikador
Protect – Cabuor
Punch – Gaanynir
Punish – Gratiir
Push/Shove – Ukoror
Question/Interrogate – Tionir
Raise Children – Ba'jurir
Recklessly risk your life/Act suicidally – Jareor
Recognize – Buyacir
Relax/Take it easy/Calm down/Find respite – Udesiir
Remember – Partaylir
Remove/Take out – Te'habir…..be
Repeat – Tatugir
Rescue – Tegaanalir
Return – Yaimpar
Rot/Decay – Kyorar
Run – Viinir
Say – Sirbur
Scan – Orhaarir
Scorn/Hold in contempt – Duraanir
Scream/Shriek – Jair
Screw up – Shabiir
See – Haa'taylir
Sell – Din'waadar
Share/Give to each other – Me'dinuir
Shave – Pelkaanir
Shock/Stun – Mirshir
Show/Display – Tengaanar
Sigh – Betenor
Sing – Laararir
Sit – Sheber
Sleep – Nuhoyir
Smell – Klesir
Speak – Jorhaa'ir
Spill blood/Bleed – Tal'galar
Spill/Pour – Galar
Spit – Pehir
Spread – Gayiylir
Stab (Run through) – Bikadinir
Stab (Shiv) – Chekar
Stab (Skewer) – Kalikir
Stack – Binesor
Stagnate/Remain the same – Arasuumir
Stand – Motir
Steal/Rob – Chakur
Stink/Reek – Daworir
Storm – Buurenaar
Suck/Absorb/Draw up (liquid) – Sooranir
Survive – Cuyanir
Sustain/Keep alive/Preserve – Vencuyanir
Sweat – Onidir
Sweat blood – Tal'onidir
Take – Hiibir
Taste – Isirir
Tease/Make fun of – Chayaikir
Tell – Rejorhaa'ir
Tell lies/Lie/Deceive – Jahaatir
Think/Calculate – Mirdir
Throw – Goorar
Fish – Beviiragir
Get the upper hand/Succeed – Bralir
Touch – Tigaanur
Track/Trail – Striilir
Trap/Catch – Gaanaylir
Trounce/Teach someone a lesson/Kick butt – Muun'bajir
Try/Attempt – Kebbur
Use – Pirimmur
Wait – Parer
Walk – Kemir
Want – Copaanir
Waste/Squander – Go'naasir
Weep – Pir'ekulor
Welcome – Morutar
Win/Be victorious – Parjir
Wish/Hope – Vercopaanir
Work – Borarir

Description
Mando'a Lesson 10

I want to center this post around verbs (conjugating and tenses and the like) because I haven't focused on them the way I should have with the other lessons.  Since I was learning myself, it was a lot easier to start with nouns, and learn to rattle those off first, instead of slowly building sentences and workable conversation.

The lesson will be in regular text, I will put round brackets around notes from me, and square brackets around direct "lesson quotes" from Karen Traviss' Grammar Guide.  (Which of course, can be found on her webpage, and I highly recommend reading it.)

SO:

Similar to most European languages, Mando'a verbs end in either ar, er, ir, or, or ur.  Removing the r from the verb produces the stem.

(This is something I think I was forgetting when I tried to conjugate my verbs in previous lessons.  Oh, how fun it is to teach oneself.  KT could probably make a fortune offering a class right now.)

[Sometimes an apostrophe separates the terminal vowel, to indicate the slight glottal stop of some Mandalorian accents. This apostrophe, known as a beten, or sigh-as in Mando'a-can also indicate breathing, pronunciation, or dropped letters. - KT]

Present Tense – Normal
So going back to the first verb from the first lesson Cuyir  - To Be  the stem is Cuyi, which is used with singular pronouns, such as I, You and He or She.

For a plural pronoun, such as We, Our, or They, we have to add an e on the end, turning the stem into Cuyie, since Mando'a plurals add an e.

I am                 Ni cuyi
You are            Gar cuyi
He/She is         Kaysh cuyi
We are            Mhi cuyie
They are          Val cuyie

(Sorry this was written wrong in Lesson 1.  I am learning this as I teach, which means I will cause snags like this now and again.)

[Cuyir is often is dropped from a sentence anyways, and indicated by word order. - KT]
(It's one of several Mando'a words that just don't get used verbally too often, same as the word "the" or "it".  These are just indicated with verbal conversation.)

[To say "It's good", a Mandalorian will often just say jate (good) rather than bic jate - it (is) good - or the full form with the verb, bic cuyi jate. – KT]

Present Tense – Negative
The negative form of the verb (or noun, or even adjective) adds a prefix of n', nu, nu' or ne (according to KT the choice of these depends on the ease of pronunciation) before either the sentence or the word, depending on meaning.

I am not                  Nu ni cuyi
You are not             Nu gar cuyi
He/She is not          Ne kaysh cuyi
We are not          Ne mhi cuyie
They are not            Ne val cuyie

Extra prefixes – Present Tense
Adding the prefix ke or k' indicates a command.  With commands given formally, the verb is not conjugated, but in everday speech they should be.  [Ke jurir kad!  - Carry the saber!  Or Ke'nu jurir kad!  - Don't carry the saber! - KT]

While we are talking of adding prefixes here, just a reminder that adding "Tion" at the beginning of a sentence turns it into a question.   Tion ibac cuyi kad? – That is a saber?

Past Tense
To talk about the past the prefix "ru" or "r'" needs to be added before the verb. (Not ahead of the sentence like some of the others.)  Ru is the same prefix for singular and plural forms of the verb/pronouns.

I was                 Ni ru cuyi
You were           Gar ru cuyi
He/She was       Kaysh ru cuyi
We were            Mhi ru cuyie
They were          Val ru cuyie

Future Tense
To speak of the future, a prefix of "ven" is added before the verb.  (Same rules apply as speaking in past tense.)

I will be                 Ni ven cuyi
You will be             Gar ven cuyi
He/She will be       Kaysh ven cuyi
We will be             Mhi ven cuyie
They will be           Val ven cuyie

Verb List
Can – Liser
Accept – Vorer
Act/Do/Put – Narir
Add – Majycir
Adopt – Kir'manir
Aid – Ge'ver'alor
Allow – Duumir
Ambush – Jehavey'ir
Apologize – Eparavur takisit
Approach/Block/Stand in the way of – Ara'novor
Attack (besige) – Ram'or
Attack (threaten/mess with) – Jurkadir
Avenge – Gra'tuar
Be/Exist - Cuyir
Be right/accurate – Serimir
Be thankful – Gedeteyar
Be unaware/Not know – Nakar'mir
Beat – brokar
Believe – Urmankalar
Put the boot in – Cetar'narir
Breach/Pierce – Kadiilir
Break – Shukur
Breathe – Haalur
Burn – Hettir
Cage/Lock up/Capture – Mircir
Camouflage/Cover up – Hodasalar
Care (take notice of) – Ulur
Care (worry about) – Baatir
Carve/Sculpt – Demar
Center – Petir
Chew – Ba'yair
Choke – Ekur
Choose – Gaanader
Clean – Cinarin  (This looks like a mistake to me in the dictionary.  Maybe Cinarir?)
Clear – Utreyar
Come/Arrive – Olaror
Confirm – Jor'lekir
Converge – Tom'urcir
Count – Soletar
Cover – Hukaatir
Cower – Kakovidir
Cross/Intersect – Doslanir
Cry out/Shout – Orjorer
Curse/Swear/Bellow – Oritsir
Cut/Slice – Hokaanir
Dance – Redalur
Deal – Koor
Decieved/Fool – Hodar
Defeat – Rohakar
Defeat/Overpower – Kotir
Defend/Obstruct/Blockade – Aranar
Defilade – Briikarir
Deploy – Barycir
Designate – Gaigotalur
Destroy – Naastar
Detect – Ulur
Die (violently in battle) – Ash'amur
Die – Ramaanar
Dislike – Paguur
Disperse – Mashukir
Do – Vabiir
Drink – Pirur
Eat – Epar
Educate – Ba'jurir
Endure/Put up with/Take it – Atiniir
Estimate – Ge'soletar
Fail/Fall/Collapse – Trattok'or
Fear/Be afraid of – Chaabar
Feast/Devour – Eparavur
Feel – Aalar
Feint – Jenarar
Fence/Launder (of stolen goods) – Cinargaanar
Fight – Akaanir
Fill – Hailir
Find/Discover – Mar'eyir
Fire at will – Tra'cyar mav
Flee/Escape – Eyaytir
Flush out – Yacur
Follow – Shekemir
Forced to make a decision – Ukor b'ukor
Forge – Nau'ur kad
Forget – Digur
Give birth – Gotenir
Give – Dinuir
Go – Slanar
Grieve/Search/Mourn – Echoylir
Grow – Drashaar
Hate – Or'parguur
Headbutt (Keldabe Kiss) – kov'nynir
Hear – Susulur
Help – Gaa'taylir
Hide/Conceal – Haaranovor
Hire/Buy/Contract – Veborir
Hit/Strike – Nynir
Hold/Keep/Preserve – Taylir
Hunt/Chase – Oya'karir
Incapacitate/Knock out – Gekyrdir
Infiltrate – Keenir
Injure – Shupuur
Insert/Place/Put – Nartir
Insult – Takisir
Keep an eye on/Monitor – Sur'ulur
Kick – Tettar
Kidnap/Seize – Shereshir
Kill – Kyr'amur
Kiss – Murcyur
Kneel in submission – Cetar
Know/Hold in the heart – Kar'taylir
Land (ships or troops) – Rusur
Lay waste/Wreck – Jariler
Learn – Hibiar
Leave/Depart/Exit – Ba'slanar
Light up/Illuminate – Nau'ur
Like/Be fond of – Guuror
Like/Enjoy – Emuurir
Listen – Sushir
Live – Oyacyir
Love – Kar'taylir darasuum
Lower/Put down – Dirycir
Make their eyes water (slang for kill/injure/defeat) – Pirunir sur'haaise
Make/Create – Gotal'ur
Meet – Urcir
Mess around with someone – Jurkadir ti
Mess with – Shab'rudur
Mess around/Hassle – Jurkadir sha(l)
Move – Shaadalar
Must/Be obligated – Enteyor
Need – Linibar
Observe/Watch over – Ja'hailir
Patrol – Tabalhar
Plead/Beg – Gedetir
Point – Ceratir
Posses/Have – Ganar
Prepare/Get ready – Tsikador
Protect – Cabuor
Punch – Gaanynir
Punish – Gratiir
Push/Shove – Ukoror
Question/Interrogate – Tionir
Raise Children – Ba'jurir
Recklessly risk your life/Act suicidally – Jareor
Recognize – Buyacir
Relax/Take it easy/Calm down/Find respite – Udesiir
Remember – Partaylir
Remove/Take out – Te'habir…..be
Repeat – Tatugir
Rescue – Tegaanalir
Return – Yaimpar
Rot/Decay – Kyorar
Run – Viinir
Say – Sirbur
Scan – Orhaarir
Scorn/Hold in contempt – Duraanir
Scream/Shriek – Jair
Screw up – Shabiir
See – Haa'taylir
Sell – Din'waadar
Share/Give to each other – Me'dinuir
Shave – Pelkaanir
Shock/Stun – Mirshir
Show/Display – Tengaanar
Sigh – Betenor
Sing – Laararir
Sit – Sheber
Sleep – Nuhoyir
Smell – Klesir
Speak – Jorhaa'ir
Spill blood/Bleed – Tal'galar
Spill/Pour – Galar
Spit – Pehir
Spread – Gayiylir
Stab (Run through) – Bikadinir
Stab (Shiv) – Chekar
Stab (Skewer) – Kalikir
Stack – Binesor
Stagnate/Remain the same – Arasuumir
Stand – Motir
Steal/Rob – Chakur
Stink/Reek – Daworir
Storm – Buurenaar
Suck/Absorb/Draw up (liquid) – Sooranir
Survive – Cuyanir
Sustain/Keep alive/Preserve – Vencuyanir
Sweat – Onidir
Sweat blood – Tal'onidir
Take – Hiibir
Taste – Isirir
Tease/Make fun of – Chayaikir
Tell – Rejorhaa'ir
Tell lies/Lie/Deceive – Jahaatir
Think/Calculate – Mirdir
Throw – Goorar
Fish – Beviiragir
Get the upper hand/Succeed – Bralir
Touch – Tigaanur
Track/Trail – Striilir
Trap/Catch – Gaanaylir
Trounce/Teach someone a lesson/Kick butt – Muun'bajir
Try/Attempt – Kebbur
Use – Pirimmur
Wait – Parer
Walk – Kemir
Want – Copaanir
Waste/Squander – Go'naasir
Weep – Pir'ekulor
Welcome – Morutar
Win/Be victorious – Parjir
Wish/Hope – Vercopaanir
Work – Borarir